@article {24,
	title = {Characterization of the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) papillomavirus genome.},
	journal = {Vet Microbiol},
	volume = {168},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Jan 10},
	pages = {214-20},
	abstract = {<p>The papillomaviruses comprise a large group of viruses that cause proliferations of the stratified squamous epithelium of skin and mucosa in a variety of animals. An earlier report identified a novel papillomavirus of the North American beaver, Castor canadensis (CcanPV1) that was associated with cutaneous exophytic lesions. In the current study, we determined the sequence of the complete 7435 basepair genome of CcanPV1. The genome contains an Upstream Regulatory Region located between the end of L1 and the start of E6, and seven canonical papillomavirus open reading frames encoding five early (E6, E7, E1, E2, and E4) and two late (L2 and L1) proteins. No E5 open reading frame was detected. Phylogenetic analysis of the CcanPV1 genome places the virus between the genera Kappapapillomavirus and Mupapillomavirus. Analyses of the papillomavirus genomes detected in different species of the order Rodentia indicate these viruses do not form a monophyletic clade.</p>},
	keywords = {Animals, Genome, Viral, Molecular Sequence Data, Open Reading Frames, Papillomaviridae, Papillomavirus Infections, Phylogeny, Rodentia, United States},
	issn = {1873-2542},
	doi = {10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.11.011},
	author = {Rogovskyy, Artem S and Chen, Zigui and Burk, Robert D and Bankhead, Troy}
}
@article {25,
	title = {Re-evaluation of Sinocastor (Rodentia: Castoridae) with implications on the origin of modern beavers.},
	journal = {PLoS One},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010 Nov 15},
	pages = {e13990},
	abstract = {<p>The extant beaver, Castor, has played an important role shaping landscapes and ecosystems in Eurasia and North America, yet the origins and early evolution of this lineage remain poorly understood. Here we use a geometric morphometric approach to help re-evaluate the phylogenetic affinities of a fossil skull from the Late Miocene of China. This specimen was originally considered Sinocastor, and later transferred to Castor. The aim of this study was to determine whether this form is an early member of Castor, or if it represents a lineage outside of Castor. The specimen was compared to 38 specimens of modern Castor (both C. canadensis and C. fiber) as well as fossil specimens of C. fiber (Pleistocene), C. californicus (Pliocene) and the early castorids Steneofiber eseri (early Miocene). The results show that the specimen falls outside the Castor morphospace and that compared to Castor, Sinocastor possesses a: 1) narrower post-orbital constriction, 2) anteroposteriorly shortened basioccipital depression, 3) shortened incisive foramen, 4) more posteriorly located palatine foramen, 5) longer rostrum, and 6) longer braincase. Also the specimen shows a much shallower basiocciptal depression than what is seen in living Castor, as well as prominently rooted molars. We conclude that Sinocastor is a valid genus. Given the prevalence of apparently primitive traits, Sinocastor might be a near relative of the lineage that gave rise to Castor, implying a possible Asiatic origin for Castor.</p>},
	keywords = {Animals, China, Female, Fossils, Geography, Male, North America, Phylogeny, Rodentia, Skull, Species Specificity},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0013990},
	author = {Rybczynski, Natalia and Ross, Elizabeth M and Samuels, Joshua X and Korth, William W}
}
